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Recent studies in the realm of housing design avow for the concept of Liveable Cities; an aspect which in turn, places emphasis on the concept of home range. The home range is regarded as the challenge to create a ‘near environment’ that is humanistic and fair, community-oriented and environmentally conscious; a relatively new conception towards responsive and sustainable environments for residents' well-being. Considering that socio-cultural needs in tandem with architectural and urban characteristics correspond to residents perspectives of their home environment; hence, understanding residents' perceptions of their home range should provide designers with deeper insights for creating more responsive residential environments. This study aimed at identifying aspects that contribute to shaping the residents' perception of their home range. The field study included two housing features within the same social class in Egypt with a focus on Cairo: residents of the city's original districts and immigrants of the city to newly suburban gated communities. The methodology was an in-depth qualitative study, exploratory in nature, based on a theoretical content analysis of literature on home range, and a field survey that investigated the residents' perception of the concept. Tools for data gathering relied on photographic and observation methods; together with a structured interview on a random sample in each of the two defined residential environments. Discussions relate findings to planning concepts, and finally, results have generated a framework for decision makers and designers.

This study aims to investigate the structural, mechanical, thermal and electrical properties of tin–silver–nickel (Sn-Ag-Ni) melt-spun solder alloys. So, it aims to improve the mechanical properties of the eutectic tin–silver (Sn-Ag) such as tensile strength, plasticity and creep resistance by adding different concentrations of Ni content.

Ternary melt-spun Sn-Ag-Ni alloys were investigated using x-ray diffractions, scanning electron microscope, dynamic resonance technique (DRT), Instron machine, Vickers hardness tester and differential scanning calorimetry.

The results revealed that the Ni additions 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 1, 3 and 5 Wt.% to the eutectic Sn-Ag melt-spun solder were added. The “0.3wt.%” of Ni was significantly improved its mechanical properties to efficiently serve under high strain rate applications. Moreover, the uniform distribution of Ag₃Sn intermetallic compound with “0.3wt.%” of Ni offered the potential benefits, such as high strength, good plasticity consequently and good mechanical performance through a lack of dislocations and microvoids. The tensile results showed improvement in 17.63 per cent tensile strength (26 MPa), 21 per cent toughness (1001 J/m³), 22.83 per cent critical shear stress (25.074 MPa) and 11 per cent thermal diffusivity (2.065 × 10⁻⁷ m²/s) when compared with the tensile strength (21.416 MPa), toughness (790 J/m³), critical shear stress (19.348 MPa) and thermal diffusivity (1.487 × 10⁻⁷ m²/s) of the eutectic Sn-Ag. Slight increments have been shown for the melting temperature of Sn_96.2-Ag_3.5-Ni_0.3 (222.62°C) and electrical resistivity to (1.612 × 10⁻⁷ Ω.m). It can be said that the eutectic Sn-Ag solder alloy has been mechanically improved with “0.3wt.%” of Ni to become a suitable alloy for high strain rate applications. The dislocation movement deformation mechanism (n = 4.5) without Ni additions changed to grain boundary sliding deformation mechanism (n = 3.5) with Ni additions. On the other hand, the elastic modulus, creep rate and strain rate sensitivity with “0.3wt.%” of Ni have been decreased. The optimum Ni-doped concentration is “0.7wt.%” of Ni in terms of refined microstructure, electrical resistivity, Young’s Modulus, bulk modulus, shear modulus, thermal diffusivity, maximum shear stress, tensile strength and average creep rate.

This study provides nickel effects on the structural of the eutectic Sn-Ag rapidly solidified by melt-spinning technique. In this paper, the authors have compared the elastic modulus of the melt-spun compositions which has been resulted from the tensile strength tester with these results from the DRT for the first time to best of the authors’ knowledge. This paper presents new improvements in mechanical and electrical performance.

Incorporation of either EDTA or β-cyclodextrin in the bioscouring treatments and its onset on the bioscoured fabrics performance was intensively studied. Biotreatments involved single use of alkaline pectinase enzyme or in combination with cellulase enzyme in a subsequent treatment. EDTA and β-cyclodextrin were entailed independently in the bioscouring by using two strategies: 1) they were applied to the fabrics as a pretreatment and; 2) they were added to the bioscouring treating solution. Fabrics used were enzymatically desized. Desized fabrics under investigation comprised cotton fabric, mercerized cotton fabric, cotton/polyester (50/50) blend fabric and cotton/polyester (35/65) blend fabric. Results showed that pretreatment of fabrics with EDTA followed by subsequent bioscouring by alkaline pectinase enzyme in single use or in combination with cellulase enzyme in a separate step decreases the performance of bioscoured fabrics. On the other hand, incorporation of EDTA in the bioscouring solution containing alkaline pectinase enzyme alone or together with an extra treatment in the bioscouring solution containing cellulase improves the performance of the bioscoured fabrics. It was also found that addition of β-cyclodextrin to the bioscouring solutions containing alkaline pectinase enzyme alone or supported by cellulase enzyme in a separate step acts in favour of the technical properties and performance of the bioscoured fabrics.

This research focuses on the use of ultrasonic waves to aid ultrasonic aided hydrogen peroxide (H²O²) bleaching (UAB) of cellulose acetate fabrics. UAB is studied under different conditions and based on the results obtained, the following conditions are established: H²O² concentration, 10g/l; reaction temperature, 30°C; reaction time, 3 min; and pH, 9.0. The bleaching effect is expressed in terms of acetyl content, loss in fabric weight, whiteness index, roughness degree, tensile strength and elongation at break when the cellulose acetate fabrics are bleached per the UAB method as well as the conventional method. A comparison between the two methods with regards to these properties reveal the superiority of the UAB method with its novelty and fast inducing bleaching under the influence of cavitations and extra energy generated thereof; the cavitations are caused by the high frequency of the ultrasonic waves. Electron scanning microscopies of the UAB bleached fabric display a smooth and partially swollen surface morphology opposite those of conventionally bleached fabric in which the surfaces are irregular, rough and scratched bleached. In addition, UAB bleached fabric displays a significantly higher dyeability towards disperse dyes than the untreated fabric and fabric bleached by using the conventional method.

A thorough investigation into conditions appropriate for effecting combined eco-friendly scouring and bleaching of cotton based fabrics was undertaken. Loomstate cotton and blend fabrics were desized by α-amylase enzyme. Fabrics were the target for bioscouring using alkaline pectinase enzyme, bleaching by in-situ formed peracetic acid using TAED and H²O² as well as concurrent bioscouring and bleaching which is considered by all means a new development. Also, practiced were the conventional scouring using NaOH followed by bleaching using H²O² and other bleaching processes vis-à-vis the new current development. The comparison reveals unequivocally that the environmentally sound technology brought about by current development is by far the best. The new development involves a single-stage process for proper purification / preparation of cotton and blend fabrics . through removal of noncellulosic impurities and colouring matters . by padding the fabrics in a bath containing alkaline pectinase enzyme, TAED, H²O², nonionic wetting agent and sodium silicate. In addition to the advantages related to major technical fabric properties, the new development is eco-friendly and reproducible, which advocates the new development for mill trials.

The purpose of this paper is to explore a new eco-friendly green textile dyeing. Natural plant Buddleja officinalis is traditionally used as yellow pigment addition in rice. It is worth developing its application and dyeing performance in cotton fabric.

Buddleja officinalis dried flower was extracted with ethanol aqueous. The extraction conditions including ethanol concentration, material to liquor ratio, extract time and temperature were optimized. Then cotton fabrics were dyed with Buddleja officinalis extraction under conventional and ultrasonic conditions. The effects of dyeing time, bath ratio, pH value of dyeing bath, dyeing temperature and mordants on K/S values were studied and the resulting color strength obtained by conventional and ultrasonic dyeing were compared. The ultraviolet (UV) transmittance of Buddleja officinalis dyed cotton fabric was also evaluated.

The color strength of the fabric dyed with Buddleja officinalis under ultrasonic conditions was higher than that under conventional conditions. Alum, Fe and Cu as simultaneous mordants improved the K/S value of the dyed cotton fabrics. Both washing fastness and rubbing fastness were fairly good in all Buddleja officinalis dyed cotton fabrics, washing fastness = 3–4 and rubbing fastness = 4. What’s more, the dyed cotton fabrics showed lower transmittance values as compared to undyed cotton fabrics and indicated potential UV protection capability.

Buddleja officinalis can be a new natural dye source for the ultrasonic dyeing of cotton fabric.

It is for the first time that Buddleja officinalis is used as a natural dye in cotton fabric dyeing with less water and the dyeing using ultrasound has been found to have an obvious improvement in the color strength and color-fastness.

A solution algorithm which enables various rheological models of combined one‐dimensional consolidation and creep to be accommodated in a unified approach, is used to solve three models which have appeared in the literature. The theories are those of Tan, Gibson and Lo, and Schiffman, Ladd and Chen. Comparisons between these hereditary rheological models are performed and assessments of the various features of the models presented.

The purpose of this paper is to develop improvements in the efficiency of the codigestion process.

Two pilot plants, fed by different compositions of manure and industrial organic waste, generating biogas by mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic fermentation, respectively, were analysed.

It was observed that these processes do not commonly operate at maximum theoretical efficiency.

The limiting factor in the process was found to be the hydrolysis of the digested material.

A technical solution had been suggested: implementing a secondary (after) storage phase which has the purpose of exploiting, by promoting enhanced hydrolysis, the substrate potential that remains undigested after the traditional process.

The proposed configuration opens to original variations in the anaerobic digestion schemes.

Urban mobility has substantially evolved in several western countries, shifting from interest in road expansion strategies to cater motorized movement to the emphasis on sustainable mobility. This is, however, not the case in several developing countries that still try to accommodate vehicular flows in inner historic cities. This paper aims at providing an assessment framework that helps in evaluating the effect of streetscape development on the walking and cycling environment in historic contexts.

This research follows a two-phase methodology. Phase 1 is the investigation of the literature review including the streetscape design, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and indicators for the assessment of walking and cycling environment. This phase results in developing a set of indicators for the assessment. Phase 2 is the case study including, methods, steps and results of the assessment based on the output of Phase 1. This phase concludes with a discussion on the challenges and recommendations for the enhancement.

The streetscape development in Afrang was insufficient and negatively affected the walking and cycling environment. It was motorized-oriented, instead of enhancing green mobility. The interventions led to more crowds, safety risks and less pleasant experience. Moreover, the car users' experience was enhanced initially; however, the traffic situation did not persist. A sustainable urban mobility approach is necessary to be implemented with consideration to the global level and the relation to SDGs.

There is a gap in tackling the research problem both within the context of Port Said in particular and Egyptian context in general. Local authorities need a clear structured methodology to follow in the development of the streetscape. The assessment indicators gathered can be the basis for evaluating future plans.

Sex and age estimation is important, particularly when information about the deceased is unavailable. There are limited radiological studies investigating side, sex and age differences in normal ankle morphometric parameters. The authors’ goal was to evaluate different ankle joint morphometric measurements and document variations among Egyptians.

A prospective study was conducted throughout 23 months on 203 (100 males and 103 females) adult Egyptians, aged between 20-69 years old, who were referred for a plain x-ray of bilateral normal ankle joints.

Ankle parameters showed no statistical difference between both sides, except for tarsal width (TaW) which was significantly higher on right than left side (26.92 ± 2.66 vs 26.18 ± 2.65 mm). Males showed significantly higher morphometric values except for anteroposterior gap (APG) and talus height (TaH) which were significantly higher in females (2.29 ± 0.80 vs 1.80 ± 0.61 mm and 13.01 ± 1.68 vs 11.87 ± 1.91 mm, respectively). There was significant increase in tibial arc length, APG, distance of level of MTiTh from anterior limit of mortise, distance of level of MTiTh from vertex of mortise, sagittal distance between tibial and talar vertices and sagittal radius of trochlea tali arc in old age group compared to young one. A significant decrease in tibial width, malleolar width, TaW and TaH was noted in old age group compared to young one.

Ankle joints of both sides are mostly symmetrical; however, there are significant differences in most morphometric values due to sex and age factors. These findings may be essential during side, sex and age determination.